Research

Original research with confidence intervals, methodology links, and downloadable data.

ChatGPT's 74% Weekly Domain Rotation

SISTRIX measured 82,619 ChatGPT prompts over 17 weeks and found that 74% of cited domains rotate out within seven days. A single probe tells you what ChatGPT cited on that day — not what it will cite tomorrow.

  • 74% of cited domains rotate out within 7 days (SISTRIX, 82,619 prompts)
  • Single-run citation checks have 40%+ week-over-week variance

The 11% Citation Overlap Problem: Why Cross-Engine Averaging Fails

When ChatGPT and Perplexity are asked the same query, only 11% of cited domains overlap. This means any 'AI visibility score' that averages across engines is statistically meaningless — you cannot average across distributions with 89% divergence.

  • 11% domain overlap between ChatGPT and Perplexity for identical queries (ziptie.dev, 2026)
  • Cross-engine composite scores have no statistical validity

Perplexity's 45-Point Freshness Premium

Perplexity's citation probability drops sharply with content age. Pages updated in the last 30 days have a 45 percentage-point advantage over pages older than 18 months. Content older than 18 months drops entirely from Perplexity's citation set.

  • 45pp citation advantage for content under 30 days old (ziptie.dev)
  • Content older than 18 months is effectively invisible to Perplexity